These include common upper respiratory infections, such as feline herpesvirus and calicivirus. While this route can also occur in cats, feline middle ear infections are more often secondary to “ascending” inflammatory/infectious disease of the Eustachian tube and nasopharynx. In dogs, it generally results from “descending” bacteria associated with otitis externa. The pathogenesis of middle ear infections-otitis media-differs between dogs and cats. When otitis is recurrent, it is typically associated with poor owner compliance, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms, allergy/atopy, ear canal stenosis/occlusion (i.e. He uses these single-dose applications off-label for feline otitis cases for which cytology indicates cocci and treatment compliance is questionable. Although not approved for cats, florfenicol formulations (Claro-Bayer Animal Health, Osurnia-Elanco) can also be effective, Dr. Chlorhexidine, he said, should never be used in these cases because it can be ototoxic.įeline otitis is typically managed well with aminoglycoside/steroid combinations, such as Tresaderm (Merial) or Mometamax (Merck Animal Health). DeBoer urged caution in ear flushing when the tympanic membrane is ruptured. The presence of foreign bodies and polyps should be ruled out with otoscopy, followed by thorough ear cleaning to remove ceruminous debris. In one study of stray cats, feline otitis cytology revealed Staphylococcus in 72% of cases, Otodectes in 53%, Malassezia in 51% and rods in 29%. While Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis compose 85% of otitis cases diagnosed in dogs, that's not the case for cats. Second, the aural microbiome differs between cats and dogs. In cats, this septum is almost complete and divides the cavity into two distinct compartments this “wall” can impede drainage and lead to occlusion. In dogs, the tympanic cavity-the air-filled chamber of the middle ear-is a single compartment containing an incomplete septum. But when it occurs, it brings idiosyncrasies.įirst, anatomic differences exist between the feline and canine middle ear.
DeBoer said it's the reason for about 5% of feline veterinary visits versus 15% of canine visits. Otitis is diagnosed less commonly in cats than in dogs, Dr. As he explained at the 2019 Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference, however, feline otitis can fester subtly and be difficult to manage. In fact, according to Douglas DeBoer, DVM, DACVD, professor of dermatology at the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, aside from ear mites ( Otodectes cynotis), otic pathology is rarely blamed for clinical signs of disease in cats. Ivonne Wierink/ externa and media are not “go-to” diagnoses among feline maladies.
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